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Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 195-204 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0527-y

摘要： Homolog and congener profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo- - dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in commercial PCBs formulations are useful information for the source appointment of PCBs contamination as well as the risk assessment caused by potential exposure. Dielectric oil (ASKAREL Nr 1740) in an imported transformer found in China was sampled and analyzed by isotope dilution technology using high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The detailed homolog and congener profiles of PCBs obtained were compared with those of known Aroclor formulations. High similarity in the homolog profile between the oil sample and Aroclor 1260 was found, with the hexachlorinated and heptachlorinated biphenyls accounting for more than 80.2% of the total PCBs concentration. Severn indicator PCBs contribute about 30%, while 12 PCB congeners (i.e., #153, #143, #168, #180, #149, #165, #138, #170, #190, #187, #174, #181) account for more than 50% of the total PCB concentrations. Total concentration of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) was found to be 740 ng TEQ/g, of which 620 ng TEQ/g came from DL-PCBs. The contribution of PCDDs to the total TEQ was neglectable. The concentration of PCDFs homologs follows the order of OCDF>HxCDFs>HpCDFs>PeCDFs>TeCDFs, which is in consistence with the previous study on Aroclor 1260. Three DL-PCBs congeners (i.e., #118, #156, #157) accounted for 77% of the total concentration of DL-PCBs, also they contribute 72% in the TEQ caused by DL-PCBs.

关键词： profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)     polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)     polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)     Askarel transformer     insulating fluid    

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Development and characterization of an anaerobic microcosm for reductive dechlorination of PCBs

Dawei Liang, Shanquan Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0939-1

摘要： The toxic and recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) adversely affect human and biota by bioaccumulation and biomagnification through food chain. In this study, an anaerobic microcosm was developed to extensively dechlorinate hexa- and hepta-CBs in Aroclor 1260. After 4 months of incubation in defined mineral salts medium amended PCBs (70 mmol·L ) and lactate (10 mmol·L ), the culture dechlorinated hexa-CBs from 40.2% to 8.7% and hepta-CBs 33.6% to 11.6%, with dechlorination efficiencies of 78.3% and 65.5%, respectively (all in moL ratio). This dechlorination process led to tetra-CBs (46.4%) as the predominant dechlorination products, followed by penta- (22.1%) and tri-CBs (5.4%). The number of chlorines per biphenyl decreased from 2.50 to 1.41. Results of quantitative real-time PCR show that cells increased from 2.39 × 10 ±0.5 × 10 to 4.99 × 10 ±0.32 × 10 copies mL after 120 days of incubation, suggesting that play a major role in reductive dechlorination of PCBs. This study could prove the feasibility of anaerobic reductive culture enrichment for the dehalogenation of highly chlorinated PCBs, which is prior to be applied for in situ bioremediation of notorious halogenated compounds.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)     Microbial reductive dechlorination     Dehalococcoides     Pathway    

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into quantitative structure-property relationship models for prediction of the photolysis half-life of PCBs

Yueping BAO, Qiuying HUANG, Wenlong WANG, Jiangjie XU, Fan JIANG, Chenghong FENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 505-511 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0318-2

摘要： Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models were developed for prediction of photolysis half-life ( ) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Quantum chemical descriptors computed by the PM3 Hamiltonian software were used as independent variables. The cross-validated value for the optimal QSPR model is 0.966, indicating good prediction capability for lg values of PCBs in water. The QSPR results show that the largest negative atomic charge on a carbon atom ( ) and the standard heat of formation (Δ ) have a dominant effect on values of PCBs. Higher values or lower Δ values of the PCBs leads to higher lg values. In addition, the lg values of PCBs increase with the increase in the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital values. Increasing the largest positive atomic charge on a chlorine atom and the most positive net atomic charge on a hydrogen atom in PCBs leads to the decrease of lg values.

关键词： photolysis     polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)     quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs)     quantum chemical descriptors    

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Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Xiuhua LI, Haibo ZHANG, Yongming LUO, Ying TENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 277-283 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0562-8

摘要： Polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs) were removed by low-temperature plasma technique (dielectric barrier discharge) from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly ( <0.01) by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5–10 mm, 21 w, 120 mL· min and 90 min, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL· min and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls     low-temperature plasma     soil contamination     intermediate products    

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Determination of persistent organic pollutants by gas chromatography/laser multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Osamu SHITAMICHI, Taiki MATSUI, Yamei HUI, Weiwei CHEN, Totaro IMASAKA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 26-31 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0374-7

摘要： An authentic mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls was measured using a short wide-bore capillary column for the group separation of major components present in an actual sample of Kanechlor. The limits of detection were improved by ca. 2 fold in comparison with those obtained using a conventional capillary column, since the retention time was reduced and the amount of analytes introduced into the mass spectrometer per unit time could be increased. On the other hand, surface-water and sediment samples containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected from the river located in the vicinity of a waste water treatment plant. Even acenaphthylene, a minor component of the mixture could be measured for the sediment sample, and the concentrations were determined for several heavy PAHs. As demonstrated, a technique involving laser multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was useful as a sensitive and selective analytical tool for the trace analysis of persistent organic pollutants in an environmental sample.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)     polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)     laser multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MPI/TOF-MS)    

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Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1036-9

摘要：

A preliminary analysis of potential sources for unintentionally produced PCB, HCB and PeCBz in China.

Activity rates of sources for reference years from 2000 to 2015 provided.

Emissions from a number of sources summarized and compared.

Implications for future research and regulation discussed.

关键词： Unintentionally produced POPs     Polychlorinated biphenyls     Hexachlorobenzene     Pentachlorobenzene     sources of releases     Annual production activities    

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Dechlorination of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl by thermal reaction with activated carbon-supported copper or zinc

Yifei SUN, Xin FU, Wei QIAO, Wei WANG, Tianle ZHU, Xinghua LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 827-832 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0543-y

摘要： Activated carbon (AC)-supported copper or zinc made from ion exchange resin (IRCu-C and IRZn-C) have an increased metal load of 557.3 mg?g and 502.8 mg?g compared to those prepared by the traditional method involving impregnation with AC and copper (II) citrate or zinc citrate solution (LaCu-C and LaZn-C) of 12.9 mg?g and 46.0 mg?g respectively. When applied to decompose 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl at 250 °C, IRCu-C achieved higher activity of 99.0% decomposition efficiency than LaCu-C of 84.7%, IRZn-C of 90.5% and LaZn-C of 62.7%. When the reaction temperature rose to 350 °C, all the four kinds of reactants can decompose PCB-153 with efficiency above 90%. Further, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of IRCu-C before and after the reaction indicated transformation of 19.1% of Cu atoms into Cu , illustrating that Cu is the active ingredient or electron donor promoting the decomposition of PCB-153. The mechanism underlying this process differs from a traditional H donor. However, there is no significant change on the surface of IRZn-C before and after the reaction, suggesting that Zn acts as catalyst during the process of PCB-153 decomposition.

关键词： polychlorinated biphenyls     activated carbon-supported copper or zinc     dechlorination     electron donor    

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Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 165-178 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0892-3

摘要： An approach to control the profiles of interstory drift ratios along the height of building structures via topology optimization is proposed herein. The theoretical foundation of the proposed approach involves solving a min–max optimization problem to suppress the maximum interstory drift ratio among all stories. Two formulations are suggested: one inherits the bound formulation and the other utilizes a p-norm function to aggregate all individual interstory drift ratios. The proposed methodology can shape the interstory drift ratio profiles into inverted triangular or quadratic patterns because it realizes profile control using a group of shape weight coefficients. The proposed formulations are validated via a series of numerical examples. The disparity between the two formulations is clear. The optimization results show the optimal structural features for controlling the interstory drift ratios under different requirements.

关键词： interstory drift ratio     aggregation function     bound formulation     min–max problem     topology optimization    

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Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1679-z

摘要：

● Heavy metals and organic toxins may persist in legacy sites for a long time.

关键词： E-waste     Human health risk     Organ risk     Heavy metal toxicity     PBDE     PCDD/F    

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Experimental study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 280-284 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0039-1

摘要： The effects of temperature and time on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) distribution in fly ash of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were studied in a tubular oven under nitrogen atmosphere. The PCDD/Fs in the gas phase and solid phase were detected by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) se para tely. The experimental results showed that the major congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo--dioxin (OCDD) in the gas phase and the low chlorinated congeners were the major products in the solid phase. There were high levels of OCDD in the gas phase in several experimental conditions although the PCDD/Fs in the solid phase could be decomposed. The optimum condition for PCDD/Fs decomposition in fly ash was a heating time of 60 min at 400 vH under nitrogen atmosphere.

关键词： congener     polychlorinated     temperature     chromatography     high-resolution    

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Establishing Profiles for Systems Engineering Standards: A Great Help for Companies to Manage Their Processes

Rui Xue,Claude Baron,Philippe Esteban,Qiang Zhang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第3期   页码 297-303 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014036

摘要： In this paper, we discuss how to establish profiles of system engineering standards for companies. To define an appropriate system engineering standard for a company, this paper presents a detailed comparison between the current releases of the main system engineering sta-ndards (ANSI/ EIA-632, ISO/IEC-15288 and IEEE-1220), and explains how to choose the most adapted one according to the company practices. When no standard completely corresponds, the paper illustrates how to elaborate a tailor-made standard on the basis of specific required characteristics of the company or of the project, following a multi-standard approach, leading to extend and adapt a sta-ndard by importing some elements from another.

关键词： system engineering     analysis     comparison     systems engineering management     process     multi-standards approach    

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Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM

Liu YANG,Ye WU,Jiaqi LI,Shaojie SONG,Xuan ZHENG,Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 675-684 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0731-4

摘要： Mass concentrations of PM , PM and PM were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods: summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM , PM , CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II) for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM /PM near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 (±0.108) on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 (±0.099) during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM /PM fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM /PM on non-Olympic days were 0.71.

关键词： particulate matter     traffic     control measure     Beijing Olympic Games    

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Hydrothermal treatment of MSWI fly ash for simultaneous dioxins decomposition and heavy metal stabilization

Jinlong XIE, Yuyan HU, Dezhen CHEN, Bin ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 108-115 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0013-8

摘要： Researches on the hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were conducted to eliminate dioxins and stabilize heavy metals. In order to enhance decomposing polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) during hydrothermal process, a strong reductant carbohydrazide (CHZ) is introduced. A hydrothermal reactor was set up by mixing raw MSWI fly ash or the pre-treated fly ash with water and then heated to a pre-set temperature; CHZ was spiked into solution according to specially defined dosage. Experimental results showed that under the temperatures of 518K and 533K, the decomposition rates of PCDDs/PCDFs were over 80% and 90%, respectively, by total concentration. However, their toxic equivalent (TEQ) decreased only slightly or even increased due to the rising in concentration of congeners 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/TCDF, which might be resulted from the highly chlorinated congeners losing their chlorine atoms and being degraded during the hydrothermal process. Better results of TEQ reduction were also obtained under the higher tested temperature of 533K and reactor with addition of 0.1%wt CHZ was corresponded to the best results. Good stabilization of heavy metals was also obtained in the same hydrothermal process especially when ferrous sulphate was added as auxiliary agent.

关键词： municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI)     fly ashes     polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs)     polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs)     hydrothermal     heavy metal stabilization    

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Expression profiles of genes and enzymes related to ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits of

Yingying CHEN,Zhihui ZHAO,Jin ZHAO,Mengjun LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 131-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016096

摘要： The fruit of Chinese jujube ( ) possesses extremely high concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA). The accumulation of AsA, the expression patterns of the nine genes related to AsA metabolism as well as the activities of five enzymes involved in AsA synthesis, oxidation and recycling were investigated during fruit development in Mill. ‘Jinsixiaozao’. The results showed that the high level of AsA accumulation in jujube fruit is due to a contribution from both AsA biosynthesis and AsA recycling. It is suggested that L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydro-ascorbate reductase are the crucial genes/enzymes of jujube AsA synthesis, oxidization and recycling, respectively. These results provide useful new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of AsA accumulation in Chinese jujube.

关键词： Chinese jujube     ascorbic acid     metabolism     gene     enzyme    

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Metabonomic study of the biochemical profiles of heterozygous myostatin knockout swine

Jianxiang XU,Dengke PAN,Jie ZHAO,Jianwu WANG,Xiaohong HE,Yuehui MA,Ning LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 90-99 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015045

摘要： Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-β family member that normally acts to limit skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin gene ( ) knockout (KO) mice show possible effects for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. We applied chromatography and mass spectrometry based metabonomics to assess system-wide metabolic response of heterozygous KO ( ) swine. Most of the metabolic data for swine were similar to the data for wild type (WT) control swine. There were, however, metabolic changes related to fatty acid metabolism, glucose utilization, lipid metabolism, as well as BCAA catabolism caused by monoallelic depletion.The statistical analyses suggested that: (1) most metabolic changes were not significant in swine compared to WT swine; (2) only a few metabolic properties were significantly different between KO and WT swine, especially for lipid metabolism. Significantly, these minor changes were most evident in female KO swine and suggested differences in gender sensitivity to myostatin.

关键词： myostatin     transforming growth factor-β family     skeletal muscle     metabolic disorders     chromatography     mass spectrometry     metabonomics    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Detailed analysis of PCBs and PCDD/Fs impurities in a dielectric oil sample (ASKAREL Nr 1740) from an

Jun HUANG, Yamei HUI, Toru MATSUMURA, Gang YU, Shubo DENG, Makoto YAMAUCHI, Changmin WU, Norimasa YAMAZAKI

期刊论文

Development and characterization of an anaerobic microcosm for reductive dechlorination of PCBs

Dawei Liang, Shanquan Wang

期刊论文

into quantitative structure-property relationship models for prediction of the photolysis half-life of PCBs

Yueping BAO, Qiuying HUANG, Wenlong WANG, Jiangjie XU, Fan JIANG, Chenghong FENG

期刊论文

Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Xiuhua LI, Haibo ZHANG, Yongming LUO, Ying TENG

期刊论文

Determination of persistent organic pollutants by gas chromatography/laser multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Osamu SHITAMICHI, Taiki MATSUI, Yamei HUI, Weiwei CHEN, Totaro IMASAKA

期刊论文

Potential sources of unintentionally produced PCB, HCB, and PeCBz in China: A preliminary overview

Xiaotu Liu, Heidelore Fiedler, Wenwen Gong, Bin Wang, Gang Yu

期刊论文

Dechlorination of 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl by thermal reaction with activated carbon-supported copper or zinc

Yifei SUN, Xin FU, Wei QIAO, Wei WANG, Tianle ZHU, Xinghua LI

期刊论文

Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

期刊论文

Legacies and health risks of heavy metals, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins

期刊论文

Experimental study on low temperature thermal treatment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

YAN Jianhua, CHEN Tong, LU Shengyong, LI Xiaodong, GU Yueling, CEN Kefa

期刊论文

Establishing Profiles for Systems Engineering Standards: A Great Help for Companies to Manage Their Processes

Rui Xue,Claude Baron,Philippe Esteban,Qiang Zhang

期刊论文

Mass concentrations and temporal profiles of PM

Liu YANG,Ye WU,Jiaqi LI,Shaojie SONG,Xuan ZHENG,Jiming HAO

期刊论文

Hydrothermal treatment of MSWI fly ash for simultaneous dioxins decomposition and heavy metal stabilization

Jinlong XIE, Yuyan HU, Dezhen CHEN, Bin ZHOU,

期刊论文

Expression profiles of genes and enzymes related to ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits of

Yingying CHEN,Zhihui ZHAO,Jin ZHAO,Mengjun LIU

期刊论文

Metabonomic study of the biochemical profiles of heterozygous myostatin knockout swine

Jianxiang XU,Dengke PAN,Jie ZHAO,Jianwu WANG,Xiaohong HE,Yuehui MA,Ning LI

期刊论文